Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia (Czech: Československo , Slovak: Československo/after 1990 Česko-Slovensko) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1918 until early 1993 (with a government-in-exile during the World War II period). more...
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On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Basic characteristics
Form of state:
1918–1938: a democratic republic consisting of the regions Bohemia, Slovakia, Moravia-Silesia, and Carpathian Ruthenia;
1938–1939: after annexation of Sudetenland by Germany in 1938 turned into an authoritative nationalist state with loosened connections between Czech, Slovak and Ruthenian parts. A large strip of southern Slovakia and Ruthenia was annexed by Hungary, Těšín region by Poland.;
1939–1945: split into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak Republic (WWII), Hungary annexed the rest of Ruthenia;
1939–1945: A government-in-exile recognised by the Western Allies was based in London, after German invasion to Russia recognised also by USSR.;
1945–1948: a country that generally respected democratic freedoms and was governed by a coalition government, with Communist ministers (including the prime minister and minister of interior) laying leading roles; territorially consisted of Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia;
1948–1989: a Communist country with a centrally planned economy (from 1948 People's Republic, from 1960 Socialist Republic to 1989);
1969–1990: a federal republic consisting of the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic;;
1990–1993: a federal republic consisting of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic;;
Neighbours: Germany (1945–1990: West Germany and East Germany), Poland, from 1945 Soviet Union (1992: Ukraine), Romania (until 1939), Hungary, Austria
Topography: Generally irregular terrain. Western area is part of north-central European uplands. Eastern region is composed of northern reaches of Carpathian Mountains and Danube Basin lands.
Climate: Predominantly continental but varied from moderate temperatures of Western Europe in the west to more severe weather systems affecting Eastern Europe and the western Soviet Union in the east.
Official names
1918–1920: Czecho-Slovak Republic or Czechoslovak Republic (abbreviated RČS); short form Czecho-Slovakia or rarely Czechoslovakia;
1920–1938 and 1945–1960: Czechoslovak Republic (ČSR); short form Czechoslovakia;
1938–1939: Czecho-Slovak Republic; Czecho-Slovakia;
1960–1990: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR); Czechoslovakia;
April 1990: Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech version) and Czecho-Slovak Federative Republic (Slovak version),;
afterwards: Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (ČSFR, with the short forms Czechoslovakia (Czech version) and Czecho-Slovakia (Slovak version));
The official adjective form is Czechoslovak, not Czechoslovakian. (And likewise Slovak, not Slovakian although both -ian forms are standard in the English-speaking world);
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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